[¹ø¿ª] Àå¾ÖÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Èñ¸Á¨è

 

 

 

Çö´ë ½É¸®ÇÐÀÌ ÃâÇöÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ Àå¾Ö°¡ °³Àο¡°Ô ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Á¤¼­Àû ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±âÃÊ ¿¬±¸ ¹× ÀÓ»ó ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚµé°ú Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»çµéÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ¸ð¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ À̷еéÀº ´Ù¾çÇß´Ù. ÀϺδ 'Àå¾Ö°¡ º¸»ó ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ µ¿±â ºÎ¿©¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ÁÖ´Â ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù'´Â ³Î¸® ¼ö¿ëµÈ ¾Æµé·¯ÀÇ °³³äÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀϺδ '½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀº °æÁ¦Àû, »çȸÀû ¾ï¾ÐÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¼Ò¼ö Áý´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î¼­, ¿¬·É, ¼º, Á¾±³, ÀÎÁ¾À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Â÷º° ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ò¼ö Áý´Ü°ú À¯»çÇÑ Á¤¼­ÀûÀÎ °æÇâÀ» ¹ß´Þ½ÃŲ´Ù'´Â ·ÎÀú ¹ÙÄ¿ÀÇ »çȸ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ °üÁ¡À» ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µÎ °üÁ¡Àº Á¶È­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


 

Since the advent of modern psychology, the emotional impact of disability upon the individual has commanded the attention of both research and clinical psychologist and Psychiatrists. Their theories have varied. Some have followed the widely accepted concept of Alfred Adler, that disability serves as a motivating factor through compensation. Others believe the more recent social-psychological views of Roger G. Barker and others, that the physically handicapped person, being a member of a minority group and subject to economic and social pressures, is likely to develop the same emotional outlook as other minority groups who are discriminated against because of age, sex, religion or race. The two views, however, can be reconciled.

±×·¸Áö¸¸ ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀ¸·Î½á Àå¾Ö¸¦ ´ëóÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־´Â Æò¹üÇÑ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª »çȸ Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â ŵµ, °¡Ä¡, °ü³äµé°ú °°Àº »çȸ ½É¸®ÇÐÀû Àǹ̵é°ú´Â Ưº°ÇÑ °ü·ÃÀº ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

The average physically handicapped individual, however, is not so much concerned with the social and psychological forces which produce the attitudes, values and concepts within himself or the social group, as with the question of how he, as an individual, can cope with them.

¸® ¸ÞÀ̾ "»çȸ ½É¸®Àû ¹®Á¦·Î½áÀÇ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö"¿¡ °üÇØ 1948³â 10¿ù È£ [»çȸ ¹®Á¦ Àú³Î]¿¡¼­ ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.
 

As Lee Myerson has pointed out in the December 1978, issue of the Journal of social Issues on "Physical Disability as a Social Psychological Problem,"

¿ì¸®(¹Ì±¹) Àα¸ Áß 2õ 6¹é¸¸ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Çظ¶´Ù ¸Å¿ì Å« »çȸ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºñÁ¤»óÀû ¿Ü¸ð?(physique)·Î ÀÎÇؼ­ 35¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ ÀÌ Áý´Ü¿¡ µé¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ü¸ð´Â ÀμºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Àç·á °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Àå¾Ö ¿ª½Ã ½É¸®Àû ¹®Á¦ÀÎ °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÈûÀÌ ¼¼°Å³ª ¾àÇϰųª, Å°°¡ Å©°Å³ª À۰ųª, Àß »ý±â°Å³ª ¸ø »ý±â°Å³ª ÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¸ðÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÌ ÀμºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀ̶ó¸é, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö¿Í °°Àº º´¸®Àû ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀº ÈξÀ ´õ ¼³µæ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°ÀÌ ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¿µÈ­³ª Äڹ̵𿡼­ ¾Ç¿ªÀ¸·Î ¼º°Ý Áö¿ì´Â °¡Àå ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ý °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª°¡ ºÒ±¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀÍÈ÷ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. º¸´Ù ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ °¢ ±â»ç¿¡¼­ ¼öõ ´Ü¾îµéÀ» °¡·Á³½ ŸÀÓ ¸Å°ÅÁøÀº ´º½º¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àι°ÀÇ ½ÅüÀû Ư¡À» ÀÏ°üµÇ°Ô »õ°Ü º½À¸·Î½á ¿Ü¸ð¿¡ ÷°¡µÈ Àǹ̸¦ ÀνÄÇß´Ù(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î "¿ý¹Ú»ç´Â ½ÅüÀûÀ¸·Î È£°¨À» ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â 150cmÀÇ Å°¿¡ üÁßÀº 40kgµµ ¸øµÇ°í ÃʶóÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¾ó±¼Àº ÀÚµ¿Â÷ »ç°í·Î ÈäÅÍ Åõ¼ºÀÌ ¿´´Ù." [ŸÀÓ], 1948³â 7¿ù 7ÀÏ).
 

The 26,000,000 physically handicapped individuals in our population, plus the 350,000 civilians who join the ranks of this group yearly, indicate that an atypical physique constitutes a social problem of vast magnitude. Since physique ¡¥¡¥ is one of the three principal raw materials of personality, it is obvious that disability is also a psychological problem. If normal variations in physique, such as being strong or weak, tall or short, handsome or ugly, are important factors in personality formation, clearly, the pathological variations known as physical disability are likely to be even more potent... The movies and comics, for example, learned early that one of the easiest ways to characterize an adult as a villain was to cripple him. On a more sophisticated level, Times magazine, which cuts thousands of words from each issue, recognizes the significance attached to physique by consistently printing the physical characteristics of persons in the newg (e.g., "Dr. Wong is not physically impressive: he is under 5 ft, and weighs 90 pounds, and his homely face is scarred from an auto smash up...." Times, June 1, 1948).

¸ÞÀ̾Àº Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀÇ Åµµ°¡ "°ÇÀüÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀº °Ç°­ÇÑ ½Åü¿¡¼­"¶ó´Â °í´ë ±×¸®½ºÀεéÀÇ »ç°í ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ±¸ÀÇ ½Åü¿¡ ºÒ±¸ÀÇ Á¤½Å, ºÒ±¸ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ¿À¸é¼­ À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾ú´ø "°úÀ× º¸»ó" ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ³Î¸® ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿©Á® ¿À°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù. ±×¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ ÁË¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Â¡¹úÀ̶ó´Â ±¸¾à ¼º¼­ÀÇ Àå¾Ö°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ½Å¾à ¼º¼­ÀÇ °í³­À» ÅëÇÑ ±¸¿ø°ü¿¡ À̸£´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±³¸®¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ 1Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü ¶§ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ µ¶ÀÏ È²Á¦ Ä«ÀÌÀú°¡ Á¶¸· ¼Õ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±Ç·ÂÀ» °úµµÇÏ°Ô Ãß±¸ÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀ¸Å°°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù°í ¹Ïµµ·Ï °­¿ä µÇ¿´¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ȯ±â½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü¿¡¼­µµ ±«º§½º(³ªÄ¡ µ¶ÀÏ °ø±º »ç·É°ü:¿ªÁÖ)¸¦ Æò¹ßÀ̾ú´Ù¶ó´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á Çß¾ú´ø °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¿¡µð½¼°ú ·çÁƮÀÇ À§´ëÇÔÀ» ¿¡µð½¼ÀÌ Ã»°¢ Àå¾Ö¿´°í ·çÁƮ°¡ Áöü Àå¾Ö¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¿´´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.

Myerson goes on to point out that the attitude of society toward the disabled has varied from the Greek view of "A sound mind in a sound body," with its negative implication of crooked body, crooked mind, crooked personality, to the widely held "overcompensation" theory mentioned above. Similar variation, he points out, is found in religious doctrine, from the Old Testament concept of disability as punishment for sin, to the New Testament view of salvation through suffering. He also calls our attention to the fact that in World War I, Americans were asked to believe that the withered arm of the Kaiser was responsible for the quest for power that led to war, and that during the last war, we repeatedly "explained" Goebbels in terms of his clubfoot, while at the saute time we were "explaining" the greatness of Edison and Franklin D. Roosevelt in terms of Edison's deafness and Roosevelt's crippled condition.

¼­·Î Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ ºñ±³ÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Àå¾ÖÀ̵çÁö Á¤»óÀ̵çÁö °³ÀÎÀÇ Åµµ³ª ÇൿÀº º¹ÇÕ ¿äÀε鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­ °áÁ¤µÇ¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» »ó±âÇÒ ¶§ Á¶È­µÉ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö°¡ »çȸÀû µµÇdzª ¶Ç´Â °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº Àå¾Ö»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹«¼öÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¿äÀε鿡 ÀڱصǾî Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã°¢ Àå¾Ö º´»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ Àå¿¡¼­ ÁöÀûÇßµíÀÌ, ¸ðµç ½Ã°¢ Àå¾Ö º´»ç¿¡°Ô¼­ Á¤¼­Àû µ¿¿ä°¡ ÀϾ¸®¶ó´Â ¿¹»ó°ú ´Þ¸® ÀÓ»ó ¿¬±¸µéÀº ±ØÈ÷ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °³ÀÎÀÌ ÀüÀï Áß¿¡ ´«ÀÌ ¸Ö°Ô µÇ¸é ½Ã°¢ »ó½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ ´ã´ëÇÏ°Ô °Ç¼³ÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¼¼·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.



 

Although such comparisons seem to be diametrically opposed to each other they, too, can be reconciled, for we must remember that the behavior and attitudes of an individual, whether he be disabled or able-bodied, are determined by a complexity of factors. Whether physical disability serves as a stimulus either to social withdrawal or to aggressive behavior is dependent not only upon the disability but upon many other factors. As Pointed out Previously in the section on blinded veterans, although it was expected that emotional disturbances would arise in practically every blinded soldier, clinical studies showed that those of the war blinded who were extremely stable individuals, reacted to the lose of eyesight in a surprisingly courageous and constructive manner.

±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡Àº °³ÀÎÀÇ Á¤¼­ÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °´°üÀûÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á¤»óÀÎ º¸´Ù ÈξÀ Å« °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, »çȸ ÀûÀÀ ¹®Á¦ µî ÀμºÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â Áö¹èÀûÀÎ ¿äÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î ¸¸µé¾î °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Àå¾Ö°¡ ½Ã°¢ »ó½ÇÀ̳ª ¸¶ºñ, ±âŸ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀÇ °©ÀÛ½º·± Ãæ°ÝÀ» °ßµ®³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤¼­ÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÁ¤À» °®°í ÀÖÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

The primary consideration, it would appear, is the general emotional stability of the individual. If he is able to accept his physical disability, and view it objectively, making it but one of the many components of personality rather than the predominating factor, his problems of social adjustment, although admittedly greater than the able-bodied, are still not overwhelming. Unfortunately, the emotional impact of disability. is such that many persons do not possess the emotional stability to withstand the sudden shock of blindness, paralysis or other physical disabilities.

[½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö¿Í Áúº´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀûÀÀ]À̶õ »çȸ °úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ ÇùÀÇȸÀÇ ¿¬±¸(1946)¿¡¼­ Á¶»ç°üµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °á·ÐÀ» ³»·È´Ù:

In a recent study, 1946, by the Social Science Research Council on Adjustment to Physical Handicapped and Illness, the surveyors agreed that:

1. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀº Á¤»óÀε麸´Ù ºÎÀûÀÀÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀ» ºó¹øÈ÷ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ Àå¾ÖÀÇ 35%¿¡¼­ 45%°¡ Æò¹üÇÑ ºñÀå¾Öº¸´Ùµµ

2. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎÀûÀÀ ÇൿµéÀ̶õ ±×µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ÇÑÁ¤µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ºñÀå¾Ö¿¡°Ô¼­µµ ÈçÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ý´ëÀÇ Çൿ À¯ÇüÀÌ µå¹® °ÍÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, µµÇÇÀûÀÌ°í ¼Ò½ÉÇÏ°í ÀÚ±â ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀº Àå¾Ö¿¡°Ô¼­ ´õ¿í ºó¹øÇÏ´Ù. Àß ÀûÀÀÇÑ´Ù´Â º¸°í¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

3.½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ÀûÀÀ ÇൿÀÇ Á¾·ù »çÀÌ¿¡ °ü°è¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Áõ°Å´Â ¾ø´Ù. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖµéÀÇ ¹üÁÖ ¾È¿¡¼­´Â ÇൿÀÇ °á°úµéÀº Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸Å¿ì Ưº°ÇÑ »ýÈ° ¹æ½ÄÀ̳ª ¿À·£ ±â°£ µ¿¾È µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Ä¡·á°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Àå¾Ö´Â ȯÀÚ ÂÊ¿¡ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÀûÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ÁÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é °áÇÙÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.

4. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö°¡ ¿À·£ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö°¡ ªÀº »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ÇൿÀÇ ºÎÀûÀÀÀ» ´õ ½±°Ô ³ªÅ¸³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

5. ÁßÁõ Àå¾ÖÀεéÀº °æÁõ Àå¾ÖÀε麸´Ù ´õ ºó¹øÇÏ°í ´õ ½ÉÇÑ ºÎÀûÀÀ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³» º¸ÀδÙ.

 

 

 

l. Physically disabled persons more frequently than physically normal persons exhibit behavior which is commonly termed maladjusted. In almost every study, however, 35 Per cent to 45 Per cent of the disabled subjects are reported to be as well or better adjusted than the average nondisabled persons.

2. The kinds of maladjusted behavior exhibited by physically disabled people are not peculiar to them; they are similar to those shown by nondisabled people. However, there is some evidence that withdrawing, timid, self-conscious behavior is more frequent in these people, though the opposite ropes of behavior are by no means infrequent.

3. There is no evidence of a relationship between kind of physical disability and kind of adjustment behavior; within a wide range of physical disabilities, the behavior results do not differ. However, it is possible that disabilities requiring a veer special way of living or unique treatment over a long period of time, give rise to unique adjustments on the part of the patient; this may be true, for example, with tuberculosis.

4. It is probably true 7hat persons with a long history of physical disability are more likely to exhibit behavior maladjustments than those with a short history of disability.

5. Severely disabled persons appear to have more frequent and more severe adjustment problem? than persons with milder handicaps.

½ÅüÀû °áÇÔÀº Àå¾ÖÀε鿡°Ô µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÌ°íµµ ¶§·Î´Â ±íÀº ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×°ÍÀÌ °®´Â »çȸÀûÀÎ Àǹ̴ ¿Ü¸ð ¶§¹®¿¡ °è±ÞÀ̳ª ½ÅºÐÀû Â÷º°À» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â ±Ù°Å°¡ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿Àº ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â °¢º°ÇÑ µµ¿ò°ú °ü½ÉÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ°í, ±×·¡¼­ »çȸÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§¿Í ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀ» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ªÀÌ°¡ µé¼ö·Ï ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ º¯ÇØ °£´Ù. ±×´Â ½Ã°£°ú ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ȯ»êÇؼ­ ÈξÀ ºñ½Ñ »îÀ» »ì¾Æ°¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´Â ¿ø¸Á°ú ÁËÃ¥À¸·Î ±×¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ°Ô µÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ °ÅºÎ´Â ¾Æµ¿¿¡°Ô ¿Å°ÜÁ®¼­ °Å²Ù·Î ºÎ¸ð¸¦ Áõ¿ÀÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ÀÇÁ¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óÅ´ ÀÚ±â Çø¿À³ª ÁËÃ¥°ú ºÒ¾ÈÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çã¹°À» ¾ï¾ÐÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ºÎ¸ð ÂÊ¿¡¼­´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ µ¿Á¤½É¿¡¼­³ª ÁËÃ¥ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡¼­ ¶È°°Àº ÇØ·Î¿î °á°úÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ °úÀ× º¸È£ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °æÇâÀÌ´Ù. ¾ç °æ¿ì ±× ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ¿Í »çȸÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ ¿å±¸´Â ¾ï¾ÐµÇ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

Physical defect has a unique, personal and often deep, unconscious significance for the disabled person. It also has social significance, for physique is one of the grounds upon which class and caste distinctions are made. The physically disabled child at an early age requires an unusual amount of help and attention, and thus receives social status and self-esteem. However, as he becomes older, his reaction to his disability changes. He is more expensive in terms of both time and money. His parents may reject the child because of resentment or guilt. This rejection may then be transferred to the child who, in turn, reseats the parents. Bur, being dependent upon the parents, the child is forced to suppress his blame, which produces self-hostility, guilt and anxiety. On the other hand, the parents, either from genuine sympathy or guilt reactions, may tend to overprotect the child, with equally harmful results. In either instance, the child's ego and social-status needs are frustrated.

±× ¾Æµ¿ÀÌ ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾î °¡¸é, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¼Ò¼ö Áý´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î ¹üÁÖÈ­½ÃÅ°°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ±×´Â Á¤»óÀε鿡°Ô µûµ¹¸²´çÇÏ°í °ÅºÎµÈ´Ù. 50¸íÀÇ ´ëÇлý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, °áÈ¥À» ¸øÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ 65%¿Í À̼º°ú µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸øÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù´Â 50%´Â ´Ù¸®¸¦ Àý´ÜµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú´Ù. °áÈ¥À» ¸øÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ 85%¿Í À̼º°ú µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸øÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù´Â 72%´Â ³ó¾ÆÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. Àå¾ÖÀÎÀº ½Åü»óÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ Ãë¾÷¿¡¼­ Â÷º°À» ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Àå¾ÖÀÎÀº ½ÅüÀûÀ¸·Î »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖº¯ÀÎÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤»óÀûÀÎ °ü°èÀÇ ¸¹Àº Åë·ÎµéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Àå¾Ö ¶§¹®ÀÌ°Ç, Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Åµµ ¶Ç´Â »çȸÀÇ ¾Ð·Â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¿¡°Ô´Â °¡·Î¸·È÷°Ô µÇ°í, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾ï¾Ð°ú °¥µîÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿Àº ³²µéÀÌ ÁÖ´Â »çȸÀû ¹è·Á·Î ÀÎÇؼ­ ´õ¿í Àå¾ÖÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾î °¡´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

As the child grow? into adulthood, he becomes categorized as a member of a minority group. In many instances, he is socially ostracized and rejected by physically normal persons. In one study of fifty college student, 65 per cent said they would not marry, and to per cent would not even date a person of the opposite sex who had an amputated leg; 8f per cent stated thor would not marry, and 72 per cent stated they would not dale a deaf person. The handicapped person is discriminated against in employment, even for jobs which he is physically able to perform. He is a marginal person-physically, socially and economically; the mary avenues of normal relationships which are blocked for him, either actually because of his disability, his attitude? toward his disability, or social pressure, then tend to produce more frustration and conflict. The child why is handicapped thus may become further handicapped because of the kind of social consideration given him by others.

½ÃÄ«°íÀÇ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ¾Æµ¿ º´¿ø Çб³¿¡¼­ ÇàÇÑ ÃÖ±Ù ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ÁßÁõ Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿ 80¸í °¡¿îµ¥ 36¸íÀº ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÔ¿¡µµ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î Àå¾Ö¸¦ °úÀåÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼±»ýÀ̳ª º¸¸ðµéÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé Áß 24¸íÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àå¾Ö¸¦ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø·Á´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 10¸íÀº Ưº°ÇÑ µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á°í ½ÇÁ¦º¸´Ù ´õ ¸öÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌ·Á ÇÏ°í, 5¸íÀº °¢º°ÇÑ µ¿Á¤½ÉÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á°í Àå¾Ö¸¦ ¿¬±âÇØ º¸À̸ç, 7¸íÀº ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ºÎÀÚÀ¯ÇÔÀ» °úÀåÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In a study currently being undertaken at the illinois Children's Hospital School in Chicago, out of 80 severely crippled children, 36 were described by their teachers and housemothers as tending to capitalize on their disabilities deliberately, although not necessarily consciously. Twenty-four of them used it for attracting attention- 10 making themselves appear more helpless than they really were in order to get special help, 5 displaying their disabilities in order to get special sympathy, and 7 exaggerating their helplessness in order to avoid necessary tasks.

ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾ÖÀεéÀÇ Åµµ´Â ±×°¡ Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Åµµ¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌ·¯´Ï ÇÏ°Ôµµ ±×·¯ÇÑ Åµµ´Â ¼¼°è °¢Áö¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¾î´À ¹®È­±Ç¿¡¼­´Â ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ÈäÅÍ´Â ½º½º·Î °¡ÇÑ »óó·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ´Â Ç¥½Ã´Ù. ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀÌ 1Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü ÀÌÀüÀÇ µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­´Â °áÅõ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÈäÅͶó°í Á¤´çÈ­Çß´Ù. Çö´ë ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ±× °°Àº ÈäÅ͸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷Àº ¼ºÇü ¼ö¼ú·Î °íÄ¡±â À§Çؼ­ µ·À» ½á¾ß µÇ´Â °ÆÁ¤ °Å¸®°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÝÁÚ¸ Àεð¾ðµéÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ë¾àÀÚµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ Áý´Üµéó·³ ÀÚ±â Á¾Á·ÀÌ À̵¿Çϴµ¥ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ¹æÇØ°¡ µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±æ°¡¿¡¼­ Á×°Ô ¹ö·Á µÐ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯Àº, Àå±âÀûÀÎ Áúº´À» ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÀÇ·áÀû »çȸÀû ¹®Á¦µé °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª·Î¼­ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô µ¹º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The altitude of the physically handicapped individual toward his own disability is a reflection of the attitude of those with whom he comes in contact. Ironically, such attitudes vary in different parts of the world. Facial scars in some cultures of Africa are such marks of distinction that wounds are self-inflicted. The same was true of dueling scars in pre-World War I Germany. Yet, here in the United States, persons with similar disfigurements surfer discomfort, and spend money for their repair by plasmic surgery. Traditionally, the North American Indians, as well as mary other groups, left those who were old and feeble to die by the wayside in order that they would not impede the mobility and safety of the tribe. Today, adequate care of the chronically ill constitutes one of the major medical and social problems of our times.

°í´ë È÷ºê¸®Àε鿡°Ô´Â Áúº´À̳ª ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö¶õ ÁËÀÎÀ̶õ Ç¥½Ã¿´´Ù. Áï ÀÚ±â À߸øÀ¸·Î ¹Þ´Â ÁË °ªÀ» Ä¡¸£°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©°å´Ù. ÇÑÆí °í´ë ±×¸®½ºÀε鿡°Ô´Â ÁËÀÇ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿­µî¼ºÀÇ Ç¥½Ã¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÊ´ë ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº º´À̳ª Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÀºÇý¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÇ´Â ±æ·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ÀÌ °³³ä¿¡ µû¶ó ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®´Â Àû¾îµµ Ç¥¸éÀûÀ¸·Î´Â º´À̳ª Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ¹ÙÄ¿ µîÀº ¾Õ¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ »çȸ °úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ ÇùÀÇȸÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ±×·¯ÇÑ Â÷À̵éÀº Çö´ë ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. [Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¼·¹](¸ðÀ½), [Ethan Frome](Wharton), [Áöų ¹Ú»ç¿Í ÇÏÀ̵å](½ºÆ¼ºì½¼)¿Í °°Àº ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­ ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Öµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çؼ®ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¿¹µéÀ» ÁöÀûÇØ ³½´Ù. [Å©¸®½º¸¶½º ij·²]¿¡¼­ Ƽ´Ï ÆÀÀ» ÁõÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ Âû½º µðŲÁî°¡ Ãë±ÞÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ºòÅç À§°íÀÇ [³ëƲ ´ãÀÇ ²ÅÃß]¿¡¼­ Äâ½Ã¸ðµµÀÇ ±×°Í°ú ºñ±³µÈ´Ù.

To the ancient Hebrews, illness and physical disability marked a person as a sinner-he was being punished and was atoning for his wrongdoings. Disability to the ancient Greeks, on the other hand, was not a sign of sin, but of inferiority. The early Christians, however, looked upon sickness and disability as a war to grace. Following this concept, we, today, accord the sick and the disabled, at least on the surface, the preferential position. As Barker, Wright and Gonick pointed out in the Social Science Research Council Study previously mentioned, such differences also exist in modern fiction. They point out ?s examples the varying interpretations of physical disability found in such works as Of Human Bondage (Maugham), Ethan Frome (Wharton), Dr.Jekyll and Hyde (Stevenson) and Mario and Magician (Mann). Witness Charles Dickens' treatment of Tiny Tim in The Christmas Carol as compared with that of Quasimodo in Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

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